Ulaanbaatar

Ulaanbaatar “Red Hero”, previously anglicized as Ulan Bator, is the capital and most populous city of Mongolia. With a population of 1.6 million, it is the coldest capital city in the world by average yearly temperature. The municipality is located in north central Mongolia at an elevation of about 1,300 meters in a valley on the Tuul River. The city was founded in 1639 as a nomadic Buddhist monastic center, changing location 28 times, and was permanently settled at its modern location in 1778.